DELHI
Location : North
India.
Famous As : The
Capital Of India & It's Administrative Center
English, Hindi,
Urdu And Punjabi
Delhi is no fairytale
city but a city where dreams come to reality.
Its strategic location
was one of the prime reasons why successive dynasties
chose it as their
seat of power. Delhi is truly a symbol of the old and the new; a blend
of ancient well
preserved monuments and temples along with jam-packed burger joints and
upmarket shopping malls.
The city is lushed
with a plethora of temples, forts, mosques as well as parks,
gardens and beautiful
colonial mansions. Delhi may seem daunting to a first time
visitor but as a
national capital and the gateway to the North, it is a must visit city
on
any travelers itinerary.
Impressive museums and interesting nightlife, Delhi has a lot to offer
for everyone.
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The Origin:
The earliest reference
to a settlement at Delhi is found in the epic Mahabharata,
which mentions a
city called Indraprastha, built about 1400 BC under the direction
of 'Yudhistra',
a 'Pandava' king, on a huge mound somewhere between the sites
where the historic
Old Fort and Humayun's Tomb were later to be located.
Although nothing
remains of Indraprastha, according to legend it was a thriving city.
The first reference
to the place-name Delhi, seems to have been made in the
1st century BC,
when Raja Dhilu built a city near the site of the future Qutub Minar and
named it after himself.
A Conglomerate Of
Seven Cities:
One of the most
fascinating aspects of Delhi is the visibility of its historic past.
Some of the large
portions of the city could be well earmarked as archeological
parks because the
rulers of successive dynasties between the 13th and the
17th centuries established
seven cities in different parts of Delhi.
A chronological
review of these cities fortunately also serves as suitable itinery
for tourists and
highlights the important monuments amongst the 1300's.
Delhi's History goes
much further back in time than the 13th century.
The core of the
first of the seven cities was created by Anagpal
Tomar who is said
to have built LAL KOT, which is the first known regular
defence work in
Delhi. The Chauhan Rajput's later captured Delhi from the
Tomars. Prithviraj
III, also known as Rai Pithora, extended Lal Kot, adding
massive ramparts
and gates and made Quila Rai Pithora the first city of Delhi.
Today only, the
ramparts are visible near the Qutub Minar, though the
city is known to
have had several Hindu and Jain temples.
Soon afterwards,
in two successive battles of Tarain 1191, the Rajputs first
managed to hold
off an invading force from Afghanistan, led by Muhammad
Ghuri but surrendered
a few months later. Unlike other invaders of Central
Asia who swept into
the northern plains, Muhammad Ghuri came to stay and not only plunder.
After Ghuri's assasination
in 1206, his provinces, forts and monuments
were kept intact
in the hands of his Turkish general, Qutub-ud-din-Aibak.
Qutub-ud-din was
the founder of the Slave or Mamulak dynasty also known as
Delhi Sultanate
and became the first Muslim ruler of Delhi. He also raised the
construction of
Qutub Minar. His successor, Iltutmish, was arguably the greatest of the
early Delhi Sultans.
The Slave Dynasty
(1211-1227) was followed by the Khalji dynasty (1296-1316)
and during the rule
of Ala-ud-din Khalji, the second city of Delhi was built -
"SIRI". Today Siri
is situated where the Siri Fort and the modern day
Asiad Village Complex
are located. The third city of Delhi - TUGHLUQABAD was
founded by the Tughluq
dynasty soon after in 1320 AD but very little remains of this
can be seen in present
day Delhi. The fourth city of Delhi - JAHANPANAH was
built between Lal
Kot and Siri in 1327 AD. The next Sultan
Firoz Shah built
the fifth city of Delhi - FIROZABAD in 1354 AD.
The Tughlaq's were
followed by the Central Asian Turk-Timur, who was later
succeeded by the
Sayyid dynasty. The Lodi dynasty soon followed and the
only interesting
architectural features added by them were the tombs,
the best of which
may be seen at the Lodi Gardens. The famous battle of
Panipat fought in
1526 AD marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India,
a period in history
that was very significant.
Babur and Humayun
were the early Mughal rulers followed by a 15-year break in
Mughal rule when
Sher Shah Suri an Afghan king ruled over Delhi.
He built the fort
DIN-PANAH - the 6th city on the banks of the Yamuna,
which in present
day Delhi is known as the Purana Qila. When Emperor Akbar took over,
the capital was
shifted to Agra. However in 1628 AD, Delhi was once again
made the capital
of the Mughal Empire under Emperor Shah Jahan.
In Shah Jahan's
rule, Delhi witnessed the construction of some of the finest pieces
of Mughal architecture.
There was the new walled capital of SHAHJAHANBAD - the 7th city of Delhi,
which is now Old
Delhi with the Red Fort and the Jama Masjid.
The Colonial Era
: For the next many decades, Delhi witnessed tumultuous times,
different rulers
and dynasties and finally in 1803 AD, the British who had already
established their
presence in India, took over power in Delhi. Delhi was the focal
point for the first
war of independence in 1857. Though the revolt did not reach its
desired conclusion,
Delhi became a thorn in the eyes of the British.
As the Britishers
shifted their capital from Calcutta to Delhi, all the activities
during the freedom
struggle were directed towards Delhi. Thus,
Delhi also bears
the marks of the freedom struggle.
The ultimate goal
of the Azad Hind Fauz during the freedom struggle was to capture
Delhi and established
Swaraj. The slogan 'Dilli Chalo' is still used by leaders and
political parties
when they oraganise any rally or demonstration. It was the hosting
of the tricolour
at Red Fort in Delhi, which marked a chapter in the history of India.
In 1950, Delhi was
made the capital of Independent India and in 1992 it was declared a state
Old
Delhi
and
New Delhi
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