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Introduction of Khajuraho Located in the provincial state of Madhya Pradesh India., Khajuraho
is known the world over for its temples, sex, architecture and sculpture.
Of
the 85 temples believed to have been built between the 9th and 12th centuries
only 20 have survived, many in splendid condition, others having given
way to the ravages of time and nature. Close to and around Khajuraho is
forest land; a small clearing houses a village populated by no more than
3,000 residents, but visited each year by tourists from all over the world.
Hotels, restaurants and souvenir shops mark the entrances to the two distinctive
groups of temples; little boys switch from Spanish to French to German
in rapid succession as they peddle handicrafts or mineral water; signboards,
too, are posted in various languages, and the villagers now
The
hub of tourist activity are the temples built by the Chandela Rajputs,
who can be traced as descendants of the moon god. The head of the clan
is believed to have been a valiant warrior who fought lions bare-handed
The spate of temple- building which began about the middle of the 9th century and continued until the early 12th century must have used the skills of thousands of sculptors, architects and masons; unfortunately, there is almost no record of this activity in the annals of Indian history. By the time the last temple was completed the Chandela dynasty had sunk into oblivion. Khajuraho was the Chandela capital for only a brief period; they ruled for the most part from Kalinjar and other parts of the Bundelkhand region, with Khajuraho remaining their religious center. The most important aspect of the temples is the abundance of sculptures that decorate the facades and interiors of the shrines. In this profusion of images attention has understandably been paid to divinities, less Understandably to celestial beauties and the female form in general and, controversially, to graphic sexual representations. Over
the years a number of explanations have been forthcoming for the presence
of erotic sculptures at what was essentially a religious centre; no single
theory, however, has been able to justify their profuse expression. Were
these temple centres of tantrik mysticism, which cites sex as an important
component of human development towards the Absolute or were they
merely a reactionary swing away from the austerities preached by the Buddha?
Perhaps the answer can be found as excavations in the region continue,
but this much is certain: Buddhism did at one time have a strong presence
here, just as tantric rituals enjoyed a wide adulation during the medieval
period.
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As
Chandela power diminished, the importance of their sometime-capital also
waned. Its heavily forested terrain could not provide much revenue, and
served to deter invading Muslim armies (for whom the temples were of little
interest, while the sculptures could only have appeared offensivethey certainly
did to T. S. Burt, the British engineer who is credited with their 'discovery'
in the mid-19th century).
The temples were never, so to say, lost', for villagers and tribal inhabitants of the region were familiar with them; they continued to use one temple in particular Matangeshwar Mahadev for worship, especially on the occasion of Shivratri. While early travelers such as Alberuni and lbn Batuta had reported the presence of the temples, they were not dwelt upon in depth, possibly because of there being abandoned and overgrown by bushes and weeds. Burt announced their presence to the world, and the first major data on them was collected by General Alexander Cunningham in his Survey of India reports. Early this century there was some interest in the temples, but their inaccessibility made their study and regular travel to the site impossible. Over the years, roads were laid and the minimal facilities provided; then, a couple of decades ago, the first luxury hotel project revived interest in the region, and the resurrection of Khajuraho began. |
• Khajuraho has the largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples and is well-known for erotic sculptures adorning the temples. • The name Khajuraho is derived from the Hindi word 'khajur', which means 'date palm'. • It was during the reign of Chandel Empire, between 950 and 1050 AD, that Khajuraho temples were constructed. • Earlier, there were about 85 Hindu temples at Khajuraho, which degenerated due to the ravages of the nature. There are only about 22 Hindu temples left now. • It was only in the 20th century that Khajuraho temples were rediscovered and preserved. • These temples are considered the "high point" of Indian architectural genius during the medieval times. • Khajuraho temples are divided into three geographical divisions - western, eastern and southern. • The Western group is home to the largest and most typical Khajuraho temple, dedicated to Kandariya Mahadev. • The fascinating temples of Khajuraho represent the expression of a highly matured civilization. They comprise of one of the top tourist attractions of India. • It is wrongly believed that Khajuraho temples are filled with erotic sculpture. Erotic scenes represent a relatively small part of the carvings, but sensuous eroticism prevails in all the sculptures. • Archeological Survey of India has ranked Khajuraho temples as the best preserved monuments of antiquity. • A few of the temples in Khajuraho are dedicated to the Jain pantheon and the rest to Hindu deities - to God's Trio, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva and various Devi forms, such as the Devi Jagadambi. • Mostly, the temples are built of sandstone, with varying shades of buff, pink and pale yellow. • The divine sculptures in Khajuraho temples are a tribute to Life itself, embodying everything that is sublime and spontaneous about it. • The images of Goddesses and Gods sculpted on the temple walls represent the many manifestations of the divine Shakti and Shiva, the female and male principles, the Yin and the Yang. • The inside of the temple has rooms that are inter-connected and placed in an East/West line. Each contains an entrance, a hall, a vestibule and a sanctum. Windows have been added to the larger temples, probably to add a feeling of space and light. • Khajuraho temples, constructed with spiral superstructures, adhere to a North Indian shikhara temple style and often to a Panchayatana plan.
Some of the best artists and performers that have marked themselves in their fields come from the various states of India to participate in the festival and the performances including some of the best known dance styles such as the intricate footwork of Kathak, highly stylized and sophisticated Bharathanatyam, soft lyrical temple dance of Odissi, the dance dramas of Kuchipudi, Manipuri, the dance of rare and ancient civilization and Kathakali stage fights with elaborate masks. Recently, modern Indian dances have also found their place in the Khajuraho Dance festival. Along with the dance performances one can also see a number of craftsmen trading off their indigenous arts and crafts to the visitors |
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